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Diabetes, Diabetes Care, Diabetes, Obesity & CardioMetabolic Care, books & podcasts—are leading sources on diabetes research, care, prevention & treatment.

A flowchart titled "VitAFOOT" outlines a study on diabetes-related foot ulcers. It shows two groups: one with 49 participants receiving a combination of vitamin C, vitamin A, and zinc supplementation, and the other with 49 participants receiving a placebo. Both groups were treated for 28 days. At 12 weeks, the first group had a 100% wound area reduction median, while the placebo group had a 75% reduction median. The chart mentions regular debridement, dressings, glycemic management, antibiotics if necessary, and revascularization as part of foot ulcer management.
A comprehensive infographic illustrating a study on 30-year trends in diabetes complications and treatments for adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. The image includes a data chart showing trends in complications from 1990 to 2019, with percentages of individuals experiencing complications. A multivariable GEE model highlights factors associated with retinopathy, albuminuria, and peripheral neuropathy, including mean HbA1c, insulin pump usage, and blood pressure. A conclusion notes findings supporting the targeting of modifiable risk factors and improved management outcomes. The background is light blue and includes various text boxes.
Diagram showing the life cycle of pancreatic progenitor cells, focusing on α-Cell and β-Cell development through various phases: embryonic, neonatal growth, mature adult, and stressed state. The illustration includes factors such as cell replication, DNA damage, replicating cell, and apoptotic cell. Arrows indicate the possible transitions between these cell states, with diabeticogenic stress highlighted in the stressed state phase. Key elements are color-coded and labeled for clarity.
Diagram illustrating prescribing factors for individuals with type 2 diabetes. High cardiovascular risk is on the left with strong evidence, moderate risk on the right with uncertain evidence. In the center, there's an increase in glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor prescribing.
The image is an infographic showing a study on IgG N-glycan peaks associated with incident nephropathy. It features a flowchart detailing the study population and outcomes, including a pie chart distribution of participants. Diagrams illustrate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory IgG N-glycan peaks. Icons of organs represent outcomes like diabetic nephropathy. A key explains the glycan color code, highlighting entities like EPIC-Potsdam and GenoDiaNaMar.
Team-Based Medicare Navigation for Diabetes Care flowchart. The chart is divided into five columns: pre-visit, check-in, during visit, and post-visit. Each column lists tasks for different roles such as front office, medical assistant, clinician, and social worker or care coordinator. Tasks include verifying plans, confirming medication, updating records, and submitting requests. Key resources are listed at the bottom.
Diagram illustrating the process of neuroinflammation and retinopathy related to diabetes. It shows the VDAC1 monomer in the mitochondria and its transformation into an oligomer. Key components, such as O-GlcNAcylation, mtDNA, RIPK3, ZBP1, NLRP3, MLKL, and GSDMD, are depicted. Lines connect these entities, indicating the relationship between mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and retinopathy in the context of diabetes.
This image is a forest plot showing the risk ratio and 95% confidence interval for various studies comparing RASi and PBO. Each study is listed on the left with the events/total ratio. The plot includes individual studies such as ADVANCE, BENEDICT, and ROADMAP, with a pooled risk ratio indicated at the bottom. The x-axis is labeled with risk ratio values ranging from 0.1 to 10, favoring RASi and MRA on the left and PBO on the right.
Infographic discussing function and well-being in target versus usual glucose ranges in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Key points include a study of 80 adults with T1D using continuous glucose monitors (CGM). Highlights improved emotional, physical, and perceptual experiences in the target range (70–180 mg/dL). Contains statistics about study participants, such as average age, ethnicity, and CGM usage. Mentions significance of time in range (TIR) and time in personal range (TIPR) for personalized insights. Concludes that personal glucose ranges provide additional understanding beyond guideline-based target ranges.
This image is an infographic titled "Ketones Support Brain Metabolism Under Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." It is divided into sections: 1. Top section explains hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes and proposed ketone therapy. 2. Left section, "Mechanistic Study," describes using magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure BHB levels and its role in supporting brain metabolism. 3. Middle section, "Clinical Trial," discusses using dietary MCTs and the positive outcomes on brain metabolism. 4. Bottom section, "Conclusion," summarizes that dietary MCT supplementation increases BHB availability and may protect against cognitive deficits in Type 1 Diabetes. Abbreviations such as T1DM and MCT are used throughout.
A diagram illustrating a study on multidomain vulnerabilities and attrition in a diabetic foot ulcer trial. The study involves 210 participants, randomized into three offloading modalities: removable, some removable, and shoe. A 12-week RCT measures primary outcomes. Attrition rate is 0.81. A radar chart shows multidomain profiles, including pain, wound size, depressive symptoms, and more. Side graphs depict retention rates and factors like slow walking and depressive symptoms affecting study participation.
This image is an infographic about a clinical trial on real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) for people with type 2 diabetes and end-stage kidney failure. It includes sections on the study's objective, outcomes, design, and conclusions. Bars and graphs show glycemic ranges, with multicolored sections representing the different ranges. The trial duration is noted as 180 days, with specific phases like randomization and washout. The data is presented clearly with labels and color coding for readability.
Flowchart illustrating a biological pathway. High glucose levels increase ChREBP gene activation. This elevates ChREBP and TXNIP levels, shown with red upward arrows. TXNIP positively influences AKT phosphorylation, represented by a blue downward arrow, which is inhibited by EGFR through Mig6. The process leads to cell senescence, featuring p53/p21, Mig6, SASP, Tagln, and α‑SMA, detailed in a list. An image of a blood vessel is shown at the bottom.
A banner featuring the logos of the DOC Updates, Diabetes Care On Air, DiabetesBio, and The Points of CARE podcasts.
Diagram illustrating factors related to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in South Asian individuals, including South Asian Diet, Insulin Resistance, β-Cell Dysfunction, Thin-Fat Phenotype, Physical Inactivity, Low Body Weight, and Genetics. Each factor is connected with arrows to the central topic.
Diagram illustrating a transplantation process with three sections. The first section shows a donor and recipient with an arrow indicating haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation. The middle section shows "Post-Transplant Chimerism" with a ratio of 99% donor T cells to less than 1% recipient T cells. A labeled "Tetramer Analysis" focuses on islet-reactive T cells of recipient origin. The final section, "Mechanistic Conclusion," depicts how autoreactive T-cell responses can influence autoimmune conditions and lymphocyte infusions, with a visual of cells interacting.
Flowchart illustrating the process of study identification via databases and registers. The chart includes four main sections: Identification, Screening, Eligibility, and Included. 1. **Identification**: - Records identified from Databases (n=3,829) and Other sources (n=0). - Records removed before screening include duplicate records (n=488), records marked by automation (n=0), and records removed for other reasons (n=0). 2. **Screening**: - Records screened (n=3,343). - Records excluded (n=3,257). - Reports sought for retrieval (n=86). - Reports not retrieved (n=0). 3. **Eligibility**: - Reports assessed for eligibility (n=86). - Reports excluded for Wrong Outcome (n=44), Wrong Population (n=39), and Wrong Study Design (n=3). 4. **Included**: - Studies included in review (n=0). - Reports of included studies (n=0).
The image is a comparison of diabetic pathology and therapeutic approaches in two panels. The left panel depicts Akita diabetic pathology with hyperglycemia and 12/15-lipoxygenase causing neurodegeneration and altered miRNA. The right panel shows 12/15-lipoxygenase knockout therapy with genetic deletion leading to blocked enzyme activity, restored miRNA profile, and neuroprotection. Both panels include illustrations of nerve fibers and heart rate graphs.
The image is an infographic titled "No Correlation Between Fear or Perceived Frequency of Hypoglycemia and Time in Hypoglycemia or Other CGM Metrics in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Technology." It includes two main sections: "Study Population and Design" and "Findings." The "Study Population and Design" section describes two trial groups, ALERTT1 and IN RANGE, with sample sizes and timelines for starting technology use. The "Findings" section features a scatterplot indicating no significant correlation and a note about a lack of association between fear of hypoglycemia and CGM metrics. A purple box highlights the absence of correlation between fear or perception of hypoglycemia and CGM metrics.
A circular diagram titled "Diabetes Technology: Great Strides of the Past, Great Needs for the Future" is divided into "Strides of the past" and "Needs for the future." The past includes ultrarapid insulin, continuous glucose monitoring, infusion pumps, algorithm responsiveness, and accelerometry with heart rate integration. Future needs highlight adjunctive therapies, automated meal indicators, dual-hormone pumps, diabetes ecosystem access, and shared care decisions. Illustrations of people, medical symbols, and devices are around the diagram.
A diagram showing a timeline of an experiment with mice starting at 8 weeks old and ending at 15 weeks. It includes steps for Semaglutide injection and termination. The mice are on a chow diet throughout.
The image is an infographic titled "Genetic Determinants of Macronutrient Intake Are Associated With Specific Food Intake in Youth: A Cohort Study Across Childhood and Adolescence." It features a study by Project Viva with a sample size of 516 participants. The infographic includes four sections representing life stages: early childhood, mid-childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence. These sections contain graphs showing associations between polygenic scores for macronutrient intake and various conditions like BMI and insulin resistance. The image also highlights genetic predisposition to macronutrient intake related to sugar-sweetened beverages and has a section on gene enrichment analysis related to carbohydrate and protein intake in the brain.
Diagram illustrating a study on increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes among Colorado children born from 1993 to 2010. The study involves two cohorts, DAISY (1993-2004) and TEDDY (2004-2010), with 892 and 1,338 participants respectively. A central graph shows cumulative incidence rates over birth cohorts BC1, BC2, BC3, highlighting an increase in incidence. An additional chart illustrates moderate-risk HLA hazard ratios. The diagram includes a mediation analysis flowchart, showing direct and indirect environmental exposure paths, noting that selected environmental exposures did not mediate the incidence increase. Key points summarize study findings, emphasizing the role of genetics and environmental triggers in type 1 diabetes.
Diagram illustrating the impact of FcRn upregulation on podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The image shows a comparison between a normal kidney and one affected by DKD. It includes illustrations of podocytes, insulin, and diabetes-related elements. Arrows indicate the increase and inhibition of specific processes, such as FcRn and insulin interactions. A section focuses on autophagy and signaling pathways, highlighting molecules like PI3K and AKT. A mouse is depicted to represent diabetes research.
This image presents a flowchart titled "Clinical and Biochemical Recovery of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes (ICI-D)." It includes diagrams of two infusion bags labeled "Ipilimumab" and "Nivolumab" connected to a person icon. The chart outlines the stages of metastatic melanoma treatment, ICI-D diagnosis, and follow-up. Key points include autoimmune responses, insulin therapy initiation, and progression towards recovery. A box labeled "Conclusion" notes potential for recovery from ICI-D, though spontaneous cases are rare. Annotations throughout provide additional details, including tests and possible long-term therapy association.
Cover of the "Guide to Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes," 4th Edition, by the American Diabetes Association. It features a yellow and blue design with a honeycomb pattern and lists key topics such as integrating nutrition therapy, individualizing eating plans, using technology, dual management of obesity and diabetes, and nutrition therapy across the lifespan.
Neil Skolnik interviews Michael Wilkinson
A flowchart comparing manual chart review with automated chart review using PEPPER. The first row shows manual review for 1,660 participants with a person at a desk and computer, noting the time to review each chart is longer. The second row shows PEPPER screening for the same number of participants, reducing the number to 110 for manual review, indicating a shorter review time per chart. It concludes that PEPPER is an effective, efficient solution for analyzing electronic medical records.
A diagram titled "Transforming Inpatient Glycemic Management" outlines a seven-year initiative from 2017-2024. It includes three sections: System-Wide Interventions, Sustained Improvement in Glycemic Outcomes, and Key Takeaway. System-Wide Interventions lists standardized order sets, diabetes management champions, and ICU protocols. The outcomes section shows improvements in blood glucose measures over three phases: Early, Transition, and Mature, from 2017 to 2024, with decreasing percentages for DWM ≥180 mg/dL, ≥200 mg/dL, and <70 mg/dL. The key takeaway emphasizes a phased system-wide implementation leading to reduced hyperglycemia and improved patient outcomes.
This image is a scientific poster titled "High-Frequency Feeding With Late-Night Snacking Accelerates Type 2 Diabetes and Alters Diurnal Metabolic Gene Expression in Male KK^AY Mice." It consists of several sections including an objective, experimental design, results, and a summary. The objective questions the impact of frequent meals on Type 2 diabetes incidence and gene expression in KK^AY mice. The experimental design outlines methods like metabolic phenotyping and tissue glycogen analysis. The results display data on diabetes incidence and circadian-metabolic analysis, comparing three and six-meal plans. A summary concludes with findings on diabetes and metabolic health.
Diagram illustrating the role of NAMPT. A mouse with adipose tissue inflammation is shown on the left, with a green upward arrow labeled "NAMPT." Arrows lead to NAMPT-containing extracellular vesicles, depicted as circles with various molecular icons. Further arrows point to a sequence showing liver changes: from a lighter, spotted liver to a darker, healthier liver. Text highlights systemic metabolic improvements, reduced liver fat, and improved insulin sensitivity. The bottom caption reads: "NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.
The cover of the August issue of Diabetes, featuring three magnifying glasses over multicolored wavebands.
This image is an infographic titled "VA EHR Study of Use and Its Effect on Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation Approach." It consists of four sections: Study Design, Artificial Censoring, IPW Derivation, and Survival Modeling. Key analysis details are listed, including baseline comparisons and outcomes. Main results highlight reduced mortality risk with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), with specific emphasis on three subgroups: those younger than 65, those who use insulin pumps, and the general cohort.
Graph showing a rising trend of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM) in the U.S. from 2010 to 2022. The top line (blue) represents GDM, while the bottom line (red) indicates pregestational diabetes. The table below the graph presents prevalence and relative risks of SMM, with adjustments for various factors.
Bar chart displaying survey results over three months from 23 participants. Categories include ease of app use, ease of adding app to routine, satisfaction with tracking progress, helpfulness in tracking nutrition and exercise goals, and likelihood of app use after study. Data shows the highest satisfaction in app ease of use during Month 1 at 100%, while the lowest was for likelihood of use after study at 65.2% in Week 1.
Neil Skolnik discusses once-weekly insulin
From multiancestry genomes to functional loci. The background Manhattan plots represent the multiancestry whole-genome sequencing discovery from the TOPMed program. The magnifying overlays depict the sequential resolution of fine-mapping, showcasing localized statistical signals, Bayesian colocalization with tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and precise regional gene mapping at key loci. Image courtesy of Alisa K. Manning and Ningyuan Wang. The Paper of the Month by Wang et al., “Colocalization of eQTLs With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits Using Whole-Genome Sequences in Diverse Populations From the NHLBI Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program,” appears in this issue of Diabetes (p. 1477)
On the Cover: Beside My Father, woodcut print on paper, 2024, Charu Jain.
This image is an infographic titled "Melatonin Impairs Glucose Tolerance, First-Phase Insulin Secretion, and Insulin Feedback Inhibition; Interaction With MTNR1B Diabetes Risk Variant." It shows how the MTNR1B risk G-allele influences glucose metabolism. The left side features images of a noncarrier and a carrier, with text explaining MTNR1B status. The middle section depicts a randomized, crossover, double-blind study involving melatonin and a placebo. The right section displays results with charts showing increased glucose levels and decreased insulin response in carriers compared to noncarriers. A conclusion box summarizes study findings.
Enzymatic 2-Hydroxybutyrate measurement flowchart for dysglycemia screening, highlighting three sections: Fasting Measures, 2-Hydroxybutyrate Pathway, and Rule-out Oriented Screening. The chart shows comparisons and processes for detecting abnormal glucose metabolism beyond conventional fasting methods. Key elements include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and enzymatic 2-HB assay. Arrow paths suggest decision-making patterns and connections between the different methods. Enzymatic 2-HB may refine screening for those with normal FPG and HbA1c levels.
Graphic illustration featuring various colorful speech bubbles containing symbols like a sound wave, quotation marks, a question mark, a smiling emoji, and a thumbs up, set against a teal background.
Comparison chart titled "To Cluster or Not to Cluster?" depicting approaches to Type 2 Diabetes glucose-lowering therapy from the TriMaster Crossover Trial. Features five sections: Routine-features model, Clinical cluster, Partitioned polygenic scores, Direct comparison of approaches, and DDRTree. Includes graphical elements like diagrams and icons to illustrate each approach. Concludes with a summary highlighting the routine-features model as superior in optimizing short-term HbA1c reduction.
This image consists of two main parts, labeled A and B. Part A: Displays bar graphs comparing ADA (adenosine deaminase) levels in lean and db/db subjects across various organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and pancreas. Key markers (** and *) indicate significant differences. Part B: Shows a series of microscopic images of different organs (spleen, kidney, pancreas, lung, brain, heart, liver) from lean and db/db subjects. Images are labeled with markers for ADA, CD68, Ins/Syn, and DAPI, with a section combining these for a merged view. The lean and db/db images are in separate columns for comparison.
Figure showing gene expression data during beige adipogenesis. Section A displays a heat map with Chrna genes, indicating varying levels from low to high. Section B includes bar graphs for human ASCs, showing expression levels of PPARG, UCP1, CHRNA2, and CHRNB2, with a gradient from low to high.
Graphical abstract showing a study on early pregnancy glycemic testing for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and large for gestational age (LGA) birth weight. The timeline is segmented into 10-14 weeks' gestation, 24-28 weeks' gestation (GDM), and delivery (LGA). Model components include maternal age, BMI, maternal glycemia, prior birth ≥4,000 g, and either OGTT or CGM. Two graphs illustrate the detection probability for GDM and LGA with clinical factors, OGTT, and CGM, showing prevalence rates of 8.3% for GDM and 10.0% for LGA. Labels and statistical terms are detailed throughout.
This image is an infographic titled "Implementation of Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring (isCGM) and Changes in Hospitalizations and Health Care Costs in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes." It contains three main sections: 1. **Introduction**: Discusses the impact of population-wide implementation of isCGM on quality of life and hospital metrics, and mentions the FreeStyle Libre System. 2. **Results**: Highlights improved glucose control and reduced hypoglycemic episodes in insulin-treated patients after isCGM adoption, with specific data on HbA1c, hypoglycemia, cardiovascular admissions, and hospital costs. 3. **Conclusion**: Summarizes the positive effects of isCGM implementation on hospitalization rates and costs, with a citation to Fundación SED research. Visuals include icons representing metrics like glucose monitoring and hospitalization.
Call for papers poster from the American Diabetes Association. Text reads: "Submissions are open for Diabetes, Obesity, and CardioMetabolic CARE, ADA’s new peer-reviewed journal launching in 2026!" A red button says "Submit Today."
Image features two journal covers: On the left, Clinical Diabetes displays a pale blue background with Monarch butterflies, titled 'Special Nutrition Information for Primary Care'. On the right, Diabetes Spectrum with a family at a dining table, titled 'From Research to Practice: The Role of Time in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management.'
The image is an infographic titled "Out-of-Pocket Costs for Glucose-Lowering Drugs Declined Overall, but Newer Therapies Remained Costly Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes, 2000–2022." It includes sections on study design, population, and key findings. The study used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2000–2022, focusing on U.S. adults with self-reported diabetes. Key findings show a 46% decline in overall out-of-pocket costs, with more reductions in prices for non-Hispanic Black individuals and Medicaid enrollees. However, newer noninsulin agents and analog insulin remained high in cost.
A flowchart titled "Longitudinal Type 1 Diabetes Regimens During Study Period" with two main sections: "Controls" and "Continuous Glucose Monitor." - "Controls" shows 2 individuals not interested in the devices. - "Not on Recommended Standard of Care" lists 14 individuals with "Pump Denied," "Device Nursing/Tech," and "No CGM (Conditional)." - "Continuous Glucose Monitor" with 58 individuals is split into: - "Insurance Denial of CGM," showing 4 individuals. - "Provided CGM at Study Expense," with 54 individuals, further split: - 38 individuals with prior authorization (PA). - 16 individuals without prior authorization. Total cohort numbers are shown for each group. Notes at the bottom address denial reasons, follow-up status, and more detailed numbers, indicating 1 deceased and 2 losses to follow-up.
A research poster titled "Postpartum Dietary Interventions and Cardiometabolic Profiles After Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis." It contains sections on methods, outcomes, and subgroup analysis. Data sources include PubMed and Cochrane Library. Outcomes discuss differences in anthropometry and glycemic profiles, and the subgroup analysis examines dietary intervention effects based on dietary types, race, and country income levels. Various graphs and tables illustrate findings related to blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels.
This image is an informative poster titled "An Integrated Personalized Multimodal Intervention Improves Adherence to Custom-Made Footwear." It includes several sections: an aim to assess the effectiveness of an intervention for people with diabetes; a study design summary with details about the population, randomization, and follow-up period; and a results and conclusion section highlighting improved adherence and efficacy. The layout includes diagrams, bullet points, and a graph showing statistical comparisons.
The image is a scientific diagram titled "Bioabsorbable Functionalized Scaffold (BAFS) Supports Subcutaneous Islet Graft Functions." It depicts a cross-section of skin with a catheter inserted into a cavity containing a functionalized scaffold. The scaffold includes gelatin, laminin, and VEGF. Arrows indicate that BAFS increases vascularization with greater areas of CD31, lectin, and SMA cells, and enhances in vivo function, showing improved NPI engraftment and function. The middle section shows a photo with DL and PLGA+G+V+L labels.
The image is an infographic titled "Exercise-Induced Immunomodulation in Type 1 Diabetes." It features a central circle labeled "Exercise immunomodulation in type 1 diabetes," surrounded by sections highlighting four key areas: "Mechanisms of modulation in immunity," "Preclinical evidence in type 1 diabetes," "Clinical evidence in type 1 diabetes," and "Therapeutic perspectives." Each section contains various goals and elements related to research and treatment, such as identifying pathways, understanding disease modulation, and translating into clinical care.
A diagram illustrating microglial activation and neuron damage. On the left, a microglial cell shows interactions involving RBP4, TLR4, and MYD88, leading to a signaling cascade with mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. Arrows indicate the effects of inhibitors TAK242 and Minocycline. A red arrow points to inflammatory cytokine release and phagocytosis. On the right, an image of a neuron labeled as "neuron damage.
Chart showing long-term immunotherapy health outcomes in diabetes from 2005 to 2025. It covers trial duration and follow-up in TrialNet LIFT and ITN T1DES. The x-axis depicts years, while the y-axis represents median post-trial follow-up. Colored lines indicate different interventions like Rituximab and Abatacept. A quote on the right highlights participant-reported health outcomes from over 400 individual encounters in over 14 randomized controlled trials. The bottom notes the image source as BioRender.
A listen and subscribe call to action for the Diabetes Care on Air podcast, featuring a black white image of the hosts and the insignia of the American Diabetes Association