Biology Open

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Facilitating rapid review for accessible research - an online only, #OpenAccess @biologists.bsky.social peer reviewed journal for research across all aspects of the biological sciences.

Tree no. 17104. Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)
Creative summary stage using logistic regression. (A) Fitted regressions for all animals. The black horizontal line is set at L≈2.2, which corresponds to 90%. (B) Logits of recovery over time with fitted regression for one study animal (M13). The dashed horizontal line at L≈2.2 (90% recovery) intersects the fitted line at ln(Days)=2.98. The ID is the animal's identification number and M denotes whether the animal was male (M=1) or female (M=0).
I was incredibly impressed with how fast and smooth the Biology Open review and publishing process was. The submission system was easy to navigate, and the editorial and production teams were responsive and helpful when needed. Most notably, the speed at which my article was reviewed and published was exceptional. My PI remarked that he had never experienced such a quick turnaround in all his years of publishing.
Tree no. 17011. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)
Percentage of blastocysts that developed from healthy rat embryos extracted from oviducts connected to IUD-treated and control horns at ED2 and cultured until ED5.
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Polyploid origin and homoeology in X. laevis.
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Effect of open-source deconvolution on resolution and contrast of LDs in WT and sei1Δ ldb16Δ cells. Raw data (Raw), 3D Gaussian-filtered data (Raw+Gauss) and deconvolved data (RL) of LDs in WT cells of MIPs of BODIPY-493/503-labeled LDs.
Tree no. 17040. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea)
Effect of A-485 on axolotl embryo tail regeneration. (A) Representative images of tail regeneration at 7 days post amputation (DPA) for 0.1% DMSO- and 15 μM A-485-treated embryos. The dashed yellow lines indicate the plane of amputation. (B) The amount of regenerated tail tissue at 7 DPA for embryos that were treated with 0.1% DMSO (N=11), 15 μM A-485 (N=10), and 20 μM A-485.
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Cone opsin gene expression in blennies.
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Enhanced RXRβ signalling generates EPNs in noggin-neuralised animal caps.
Tree no. 17051. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)
Total muscle forces (in multiples of body weight) for a stride. Blue solid lines are the original functional pelvic width; the thick line is the average, while the thin lines are ±1 s.d. Green lines are for increased functional pelvic width, while orange lines are for decreased functional pelvic width; solid lines are 40% changes, while dashed lines are 20% changes. 0% stride is heel strike, and 100% is the next heel strike of the ipsilateral foot.
Hierarchical clustering heatmap of the top 1000 most variable genes across all samples. Gene expression values were centered and scaled by gene. Samples are grouped and annotated according to experimental condition, with individual animal identifiers shown above the heatmap.
Two predation strategies: rear and side approaches.
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Behavioural assays demonstrate differential toxicity of the six hTau isoforms.
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Serum CORT concentration. Effects of acute SF (SF or NSF) and CORT treatment (sham, ADX or ADX+CORT) on serum CORT levels. Samples were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests after logarithmic transformation. Data are back-transformed and shown as ±1 s.e. for each group, and differing letters denote P<0.05.
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Shh expression is downregulated in Fucci-G1 homozygous embryos. (A-O) RNAscope analysis of E11.5 sagittal embryo sections for wild type (+/+; A,B,C), Fucci-G1 heterozygotes (Fucci-G1/+; D-I), and Fucci-G1 homozygotes (Fucci-G1/Fucci-G1; J-O). Sections were post-stained with WGA for cell boundaries and DAPI for nuclei. (P) Shh levels in the foregut were compared by comparing the ratio of foregut to neural tube, and statistics were performed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. For this experiment, four homozygous, three heterozygous, and three wild-type embryos were examined. e: eye, g: gut, h: heart, Lg: lung, Lv: liver, Nt: neural tube. Pink arrowheads: pharyngeal ectoderm, white arrowheads: pharyngeal endoderm, orange arrowheads: dorsal oral ectoderm. **FDR<0.01, ***FDR<0.001.
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Schematic overview of 3D liver spheroid generation. Human HepaRG hepatocytes, HSCs, KCs, and LSECs were combined in defined ratios and seeded into a Sphericalplate 5D. Within this microcavity platform, cells self-assemble into uniform multicellular spheroids. The illustration depicts the cell types and their arrangement into a structured liver-like microtissue that recapitulates aspects of the hepatic microarchitecture. Created in BioRender by Bogovic, N. (2025). https://BioRender.com/8zmhwub. This figure was sublicensed under CC-BY 4.0 terms.
Environmental sampling of wild nematodes and microsporidian parasites by citizen scientists. The number of environmental samples collected in 2024 is organized by (A) month, (B) type of plant substrate, and (C) location of collection across Toronto. Gray indicates samples where no nematodes were found, while green and magenta indicate samples containing nematodes and microsporidia-infected nematodes, respectively. The pie chart size in C indicates the number of samples collected at that location, while the black line indicates a length of 5 km. Map data are copyrighted by OpenStreetMap contributors and are available from https://www.openstreetmap.org.
Expression pattern of prph:EGFP in tadpoles. (A) In vivo EGFP reporter expression pattern at st. 45. Arrows indicate the DRGs. Scale bar: 1 mm. (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of the reporter EGFP. At st. 52, clear expression is observed in the spinal cord (SC), VL, and DRGs. A coronal section of the tail at st. 52 shows co-localization of EGFP and AcTub immunoreactivity with DAPI staining (merge). Arrows indicate the DRGs. Scale bars: 1 mm (left) and 200 μm (right). (C) EGFP expression in the PNS at the pre-metamorphic stage. Upper panel: Lateral view of a st. 53 larva. Lower panel: Enlarged views of the boxed regions (a, b, c) showing peripheral nerves. Arrowheads indicate peripheral nerves. Note that an asterisk in the tail muscle (in A) marks background due to autofluorescence, where no immunosignal is observed using anti-EGFP antibody (Mu in B).
A graduation photo of Rafaela Konstantinidi
View largeDownload slide PBAE-mediated FOXJ1 mRNA transfection prior to ALI does not compromise epithelial morphology and expression of adhesion-related genes in primary HBECs cultured at ALI. Primary HBECs were transfected with FOXJ1 mRNA complexed with PBAE prior to air exposure. Non-transfected control cells and FOXJ1-mRNA-transfected cells were harvested at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-transfection to assess expression of epithelial integrity genes using qPCR. Once a confluent monolayer was established, cells were air-exposed and maintained at ALI for 28 days. Cells were further harvested at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-ALI for qPCR analysis of epithelial integrity markers. (A-C) Relative expression of CDH1, TJP1, and OCLN normalised to the housekeeping gene ACTB (mean±s.d.) (N=3 donors, n=3 technical replicates, two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test, non-significant P>0.9999). (D) Representative TEM images showing junctional complexes (yellow arrows) in non-transfected and FOXJ1-mRNA-transfected HBECs after 21 days of ALI culture. Scale bars: 6 µm.
Schematic representation of AID-driven NINJ2 transcription during inflammation. Normally, AID is not expressed in CECs; however, its expression is induced during inflammation. We demonstrate that inflammation-induced AID binds to the promoter/enhancer region of NINJ2 and triggers DNA demethylation. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which AID-mediated transcriptional regulation of NINJ2 plays a physiological role in promoting recovery from colitis.
A photo of Nicola Graham
GATA4-null iPSCs fail to form normal CMs.
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Interferon signaling is not required for macrophage recruitment to the heart injury zone. (A) Representative images of RNA-FISH of mpeg (labels macrophages) and myl7 (labels cardiomyocytes), in wild-type and ifnphi1−/− ventricle cryosections at 3 dpi. Sections were counterstained with DAPI (blue). BA, bulbus arteriosus; A, atrium; V, uninjured ventricle; W, wound. Injury border is shown as a dashed line. (B) Percent macrophages were calculated by dividing the number of mpeg speckles by the number of nucleated cells in the injured and uninjured zones. The dots on the graph represent the uninjured or injured zones calculated from individual sections of distinct heart ventricles. Data are shown as the mean±s.d.; n=7 wild type and n=9 ifnphi1−/−. Scale bars: 50 μm.
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Morphology of immortalized brown preadipocyte and differentiated brown adipocyte during 12-day differentiation. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were isolated from the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of 1-day-old mouse pups. Brown preadipocytes were immortalized by expression of the large T antigen. Cells were induced and differentiated in induction medium and differentiation medium for 12 days. Cell images were acquired using a Leica DMi8 microscope with visible-light, color-channel, and phase-contrast settings. Images were processed by Leica Application Suite X software. The magnification was 10×20.
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Body mass and RMR (ml O2 h−1) in naked mole-rats (H. glaber). (A) RMR–body mass relationship across 76 individuals. The black dashed line shows the fitted relationship for naked mole-rats, while the red dashed line represents the predicted allometric scaling for mammals (Kleiber's law: RMR=3.40×Body mass0.75). (B) RMR–body mass relationships for five colonies. Lines indicate colony-specific model fits. (C) RMR–body mass relationship for non-breeding individuals across sex (♀: Female; ♂: Male). (D) Female RMR–body mass relationship separated by breeding status (breeders versus non-breeders).
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Activation of NF-κB by the recombinant Tax protein folded by Trigger Factor. (A) Western blot to detect phosphorylated IκB. The reaction mixtures, each containing Jurkat cell extract and the test protein (either WT or M22, as indicated), were analysed. The red arrowhead indicates the band of phosphorylated IκB, identified by its molecular size; the faint bands between 95 and 130 kDa are nonspecific. (B) Western blot to detect GAPDH (arrowhead) from the Jurkat cell extract in the reaction mixtures. (C) Western blot to detect the histidine-tagged recombinant proteins (arrowhead) in the reaction mixtures. (A-C) The blots are representative of two independent experiments using separate protein preparations.
BiO Global South Conference Travel Grants. Supporting ECRs in the Global South to attend international biological and biomedical science conferences. Application deadline: 20 November 2026.
Artwork showing a solitary male at the top, without nuptial coloration, and a pair below displaying the typical nuptial coloration, white (top of the body) and black.
The winners of the BiO Global South Conference Travel Grants with Editor-in-Chief Dan Gorelick
Visualisation of a honeybee queen (n=1) trajectory covering one hive side recorded for a full day on 10 July 2023. The background image is an illustrative stitched image from the experimental setup cameras. Trajectory points are coloured by the time of day at which the queen occupied each position, following the colour bar on the right [time (h)], which runs from 0 h (start of recording, dark purple) to 24 h (end of recording, yellow).
spsp-1 mutations result in decreased brood sizes. (A) Diagram of the spsp-1 gene. spsp-1 contains 1289 bp with five exons. spsp-1(syb2478Δ) is a 1125 bp deletion and spsp-1(syb2479Δ) is a 1324 bp deletion spanning into the 3′ UTR. (B-D). Average brood sizes of N2 and spsp-1Δ mutants at 20°C, 24°C, and 25°C. Sample sizes (number of individual hermaphrodite broods) at 20°C: N2 N=21, spsp-1(syb2478Δ) N=30, and spsp-1(syb2479Δ) N=24; 24°C N2 N=28, spsp-1(syb2478Δ) N=35, and spsp-1(syb2479Δ) N=30; 25°C N2 N=25 spsp-1(syb2478Δ) N=22, and spsp-1(syb2479Δ) N=26. Bars represent mean±s.d. Statistics were performed using a Welch's t-test. ns, not significant, ****P<0.0001.
CO2 modulates autophagy. CO2 levels modulates TFE3, AMPK and mTORC1/2 signaling to regulate lysosome abundance, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and proteolytic function, which collectively impact the rate of autophagy.