Center for European Policy Analysis @cepa.org · Apr 24 Russia has exported over $1 trillion in fossil fuels since the full-scale invasion. Oil revenues remain a critical lifeline for the war, sustained in part by shadow fleet loopholes, temporary US waivers during the Middle East oil crisis, and delays in implementing the EU’s sanctions package.
0 likes 1 replies
?
Replies
Primary and secondary sanctions have constrained Russia's war of aggression but significant leverage remains unused. Enforcement gaps persist, also in the failure to fully target the networks enabling sanctions evasion rather than just individual actors.