Flashes Home Search Notifications Sign in Post

Data For India

@dataforindia.bsky.social

67 Followers 3 Following

Insights, charts and data to create shared knowledge and expand our understanding of India | https://www.dataforindia.com/

Title: Three in every four prison inmates in India have not yet been convicted of a crime

Sub-title: Types of prison inmates in India (2023)

Explanation: A treemap showing India’s prison inmates by legal status in 2023. Undertrials form by far the largest group, with 389,910 inmates, meaning most people in prison were still awaiting the completion of their trials and had not been convicted. Convicts are the second-largest group, with 135,536 inmates. Detenues and others make up only a very small share of the prison population.

Source: Prison Statistics India, National Crime Records Bureau

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Services sector in India accounts for more than half of the national economic output...

Sub-title: Contribution of services sub-sectors to the economy and employment, over time

Explanation: Line chart showing the share of services sub-sectors in India’s gross value added in 1973, 2000 and 2024. Professional and other services is the largest of the three in all years shown, rising from about 28% in 1973 to about 36% in 2024. Trade and hotels rises from about 5% to 12%. Transport and communications rises from about 3% to about 6%, in 2024.

Source: Employment and Unemployment Surveys, Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Anomalies in annual mean temperature, relative to baselines

Sub-title: The choice of baseline affects how we see warming

Explanation: Line chart showing India’s annual mean temperature anomalies from 1950 to 2024 against three baseline periods: 1951–1980, 1981–2010, and 1991–2020. All three series fluctuate year to year but rise over time, showing a clear warming trend. Older baselines produce higher recent anomalies: in 2024, the anomaly is highest against 1951–1980, next against 1981–2010, and about lowest against 1991–2020.

Source: India Meteorological Department

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: India has radically lowered the risk of dying young over the last 50 years

Sub-title: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in India, over time

Explanation: A line chart shows that infant mortality in India has fallen sharply in both rural and urban areas since 1971. Rural IMR declined from around 138 deaths of children under one year per 1,000 live births in 1971 to 29 in 2023. Urban IMR declined from around 82 to 18 over the same period. Rural infant mortality remains higher than urban infant mortality, but the gap has narrowed substantially.

Source: Annual Statistical Reports, Sample Registration System

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: More than one in three working women in India are not paid for their work

Sub-title: Indian workers by the type of employment in 2024

Explanation: A stacked bar chart compares the type of employment among rural and urban women and men in India. The chart shows that women, especially rural women, are much more likely than men to work as unpaid helpers in household enterprises.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Labour force participation by gender and age (2024)

Sub-title: Women's absence from India's workforce is most evident in their 20s

Explanation: The chart compares labour force participation rates for women and men in India across six age groups. Women's participation is lower than men's at every age. The gap is widest in the twenties, when 37% of women are in the labour force compared with 85% of men, and in the thirties, when 54% of women participate compared with 99% of men. Men's participation stays very high through the prime working ages, while women's participation peaks at 60% in the forties.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Meat eating is more common among poorer wealth groups in India

Sub-title: Share of Indian adults who eat meat, by wealth group (2021)

Explanation: The chart shows that meat eating declines as wealth rises. Among the poorest wealth group, 83% of women and 92% of men eat meat. Among the richest wealth group, 64% of women and 79% of men eat meat. Men are more likely than women to eat meat in every wealth group.

Source: National Family Health Survey, International Institute For Population Sciences

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Winter and pre-monsoon seasons in India have seen significant changes in rainfall over the last 120 years

Sub-title: Change in rainfall in India within seasons, between 1901 and 2024

Explanation: The chart shows the percentage change in India’s seasonal rainfall between 1901 and 2024. Winter rainfall has seen the sharpest decline, falling by 24.9%. Monsoon rainfall declined by 2.5%, and post-monsoon rainfall declined by 2.3%. Pre-monsoon rainfall is the only season that increased, rising by 5.8%.

Source: India Meteorological Department

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: In the 1990s, four in ten Indian emigrants were living in Pakistan, a Partition legacy

Sub-title: Migrant stock of Indian origin by destination country, 1990

Explanation: In 1990, Pakistan was by far the largest destination for people of Indian origin, with 2.82 million Indian-born residents. Saudi Arabia was the next largest destination, with 834,742 people, followed by the United Arab Emirates, Nepal, and the United States. Most Indian emigrants lived in Asia, while smaller shares lived in North America, Europe, Oceania, Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: India’s population will grow slower than the world’s population by the early 2030s

Sub-title: Annual population growth rate, over time

Explanation: The chart compares annual population growth rates for India and the world from 1950 to 2100. India’s growth rate was above 2% for much of the 1950s to 1980s, then declined steadily. By the early 2030s, India’s population growth is projected to fall below the world average, and by the 2060s it is expected to become negative. The world’s population growth rate is also projected to keep slowing, but more gradually. Data after 2024 are projections.

Source: World Population Prospects, United Nations Population Division

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Nearly nine in ten Indian workers are employed outside the formal sector

Sub-title: Employment in formal and informal sectors (2024)

Explanation: Most Indian workers are employed outside the formal sector. In urban areas, 26% are in the formal sector and 64% in the informal sector; 11% are in farming/other. In rural areas, only 7% are in the formal sector, 42% are in the informal sector, and 51% are in farming/other.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), National Statistics Office (NSO)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Most unorganised manufacturing enterprises in India operate from within the house

Sub-title: Location of unorganised manufacturing enterprise establishment (2024)

Explanation: Nearly three in four unorganised manufacturing establishments operate from within household premises (72%). About a quarter are outside the household but at a fixed location (25%), and only a small share have no fixed location (2%).

Source: Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Between 2018 and 2024, nearly two out of every five new manufacturing jobs in India were of custom tailors

Sub-title: New manufacturing jobs in India, since 2018

Explanation: The number of new manufacturing jobs rose by 14 mn between 2018 and 2024, rising sharply after 2021. Custom tailoring accounted for a large share of this increase with about two out of every five new jobs.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, National Statistics Office; Population Projections, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: What goods and services does India import?

Sub-title: Top five goods and services imports in India (2024).

Explanation: For goods, petroleum is the largest at 32% of total goods imports. Electrical machinery and gems & jewellery are next at 12% each, followed by mechanical machinery at 8% and organic chemicals at 4%. For services, business services lead at 33%, followed by travel (19%), transportation (16%), software services (10%), and financial services (3%).

Source: Reserve Bank of India; Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics.

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: More cases are filed than disposed of at the district and subordinate courts level in India

Sub-title: New and disposed of cases for district and subordinate courts, over time

Explanation: A line chart shows that from 2018 to 2025, the number of cases instituted is consistently higher than the number of cases disposed of (yellow). Both series fall sharply in 2020 (due to thew COVID-19 pandemic), then rise steeply from 2021 onward, reaching roughly 26 million instituted versus 25 million disposed of by 2025.

Source: National Judicial Data Grid

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Total annual rainfall across India has remained stable across the century but seen considerable fluctuations

Sub-title: Cumulative annual rainfall in India, 1901–2024

Explanation: A line chart shows annual rainfall fluctuating sharply each year but without a clear long‑term rise or fall. Most years sit roughly between 1,000 and 1,300 mm, with occasional extreme wet years approaching ~1,500 mm and dry years dipping to around ~900–1,000 mm, including a notable low in the late 1960s and another around 2000.

Source: India Meteorological Department

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Education levels for women in India are comparable to…

Sub-title: Share of education levels attainment by gender, over time

Explanation: The share of women who are illiterate falls steadily from a clear majority in 1987 to ~40% by 2020. The shares with primary and secondary education rise over time, especially after the 2000s. Higher education grows from a very small share to around one in ten by 2020.

Source: National Sample Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Women in rural India have seen a significant rise in subsidiary work

Sub-title: Female principal and subsidiary workers in India, over time

Explanation: Stacked bars comparing rural vs urban women workers in 1994, 2012 and 2024, split into principal workers, subsidiary workers, and those who did both. Rural women workers rose from about 105 million (1994) to 154 million (2024), with subsidiary workers increasing from 30 million to 47 million. Urban women workers rose from about 18 million (1994) to 50 million (2024), with most being principal workers and a small subsidiary segment (7 million in 2024).

Source: Employment and Unemployment Surveys; Periodic Labour Force Survey (National Statistical Office); Census of India; Population Projections (Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Most digital transactions in India happen through UPI...

Sub-title: Growth in daily transactions through retail digital payment modes, over time

Explanation: UPI has become India's dominant retail digital payment mode by volume, with daily transactions climbing from around 40 million in 2019 to roughly 550 million in 2025, far outpacing NEFT, IMPS, credit cards, and debit cards, which have stayed comparatively flat.

Source: Database on Indian Economy, Reserve Bank of India.

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Six in ten Indian households use LPG as their primary source of fuel for cooking

Sub-title: Fuel used for household cooking, by region (2024)

Explanation: In urban India, 84% of households use LPG for cooking. In rural India, LPG use (48%) is nearly matched by firewood (47%), with a small share relying on other natural sources such as dung cake.

Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Children in the poorest households are more likely to be stunted across both urban and rural India.

Sub-title: Prevalence of stunting among children across wealth groups (2021).

Explanation: In both urban and rural India, stunting falls steadily as household wealth rises. Children in the poorest urban households are stunted at 40%, nearly twice the rate of those in the richest urban households at 21%. Rural rates are higher across every wealth group, ranging from 47% in the poorest households to 25% in the richest.

Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS.

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: India’s sanitation levels have improved rapidly over the past two decades

Sub-title: Share of population using at least basic sanitation services, over time

Explanation: In 2000, just over 10% of Indians had access to basic sanitation — lower than Somalia. By 2022, that share had climbed to nearly 80%, overtaking Bangladesh and closing in on the world average.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Only one in three young persons in India is enrolled in college

Sub-title: Enrolment in higher education, over time

Explanation: At 32%, higher education enrolment in India trails the world average (around 42%) and is less than half of China's (over 70%). In the early 1990s, India and China had comparable enrolment rates; China has since pulled far ahead.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Reported intentional homicide in India is largely made up of murder cases

Sub-title: Incidence of intentional homicide in India (2023)

Explanation: Treemap showing the composition of reported intentional homicides in India in 2023. Murder accounts for the vast majority (27,721 cases), followed by dowry deaths (6,156) and culpable homicide not amounting to murder (3,577).

Source: Crime in India Report (2023), National Crime Records Bureau

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Working-age population is stagnating or shrinking in southern Indian states

Sub-title: Projections (2011–2036) show Uttar Pradesh and Bihar growing, while Tamil Nadu and Kerala flatten

Explanation: The chart tracks the working-age population (ages 15–59) from 2011 to 2036. Uttar Pradesh rises steadily (roughly ~110 million to ~170 million) and Bihar also increases (about ~55 million to ~90 million). In contrast, Tamil Nadu stays almost flat around ~50 million and Kerala remains nearly flat around ~20 million, indicating stagnation in the southern states compared with continued growth in the north.

Source: Population projections, 2011–2036, Registrar General of India (projected from 2011 Census)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Nine in ten births in India take place either in public or private healthcare facilities

Sub-title: Share of institutional births in India across states (2019-21)

Explanation: Most states report high shares of institutional births (around 80–100%). Only five of 36 states - Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya and Nagaland - still report over one in five deliveries at home. Meghalaya and Nagaland stand out with much lower institutional-birth shares, meaning nearly half of births happen at home.

Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Only three in ten Indians receive any form of vocational training for their jobs

Sub-title: Type of vocational training for working-age Indians, by gender (2024)

Explanation: For men, 55% report no training and 41% report informal training; the remaining share is formal training. For women, 76% report no training and 21% report informal training; the remaining share is formal training.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023-24, National Statistical Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Youth literacy in India has surpassed the world average

Sub-title: Youth literacy rate (ages 15-24) for India and world, over time

Explanation: India’s youth literacy rate rose from the mid-50% range in the early 1980s to the mid-90% range by 2022. The world average increased more slowly, from around 80% to the low-90% range. India overtook the world average in the late 2010s and is now higher.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Heart disease is responsible for nearly one in three deaths in India

Sub-title: Top 5 causes of death for non-communicable diseases, over time

Explanation: A line chart shows the share of total deaths in India from the top five non-communicable disease categories from 2005 to 2022. Cardiovascular diseases rise steadily from about 20% in 2005 to just over 30% by 2022, remaining the largest contributor throughout. Cancers and respiratory diseases are around 6% in 2022. Digestive diseases stay near 5% in 2022. Diabetes mellitus rises from roughly 2% in 2005 to about 4% by 2022.

Source: Causes of Death reports, Sample Registration System, RGI

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: The share of Indian adults who can use computers has grown very little over the last decade

Sub-title: Share of adults who can use a computer (2014 vs 2025)

Explanation: The share of adults who can use a computer in 2014 and 2025, for urban and rural India. Urban: 30% in 2014 and 36% in 2025. Rural: 9% in 2014 and 15% in 2025. Note: Respondents were asked whether they were able to use any device among desktop computers, laptops, tablets, palmtops, and notebooks.

Source: NSS Round 71, Social Consumption on Education survey (2014) and Comprehensive Modular Survey - Telecom (CMS-T, 2025), National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: The textile, apparel and food product industries employ more than a quarter of all factory workers in India

Sub-title: Top employers of organised manufacturing workforce in India (2023)

Explanation: Food products employ the most workers (2.1 million), followed by textiles (1.7 million) and basic metals (1.4 million). Apparel (1.3 million) and vehicles (1.3 million) come next. Machinery (1.1 million) and chemicals (1.1 million) follow, then non-metallic mineral products (1.0 million). Rubber and plastic products (948,210) and pharmaceuticals (925,811) round out the top 10. Together, these ten sectors employ 70% of factory workers in manufacturing.

Source: Annual Survey of Industries, 2022-23, MoSPI

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Mobile broadband is the chief source of the internet in India

Sub-title: Wired and mobile internet subscribers in India, over time

Explanation: Mobile broadband subscriptions began rising rapidly after 2012 and now make up almost all broadband connections. Wired broadband has grown slowly by comparison, remaining a small share even as total connections reached close to 1 billion by 2024.

Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (accessed via NDAP). Note: 2024 data is up to August; prior to 2012, mobile internet in India was too slow to be classified as broadband.

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Bottled water has become a key drinking water source in urban India, driven by the southern states

Sub-title: Share of urban households with bottled water as principal drinking source, by state (2023)

Explanation: Nearly 7 in 10 urban households primarily use tap/piped water. Bottled water now serves about 15% of urban households nationally, driven by higher use in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Telangana, where over a quarter of households rely on it. Kerala stands out, with wells as the leading source.

Source: National Sample Survey (NSS), 79th round (2022–23)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Malaria cases are concentrated in a few central and eastern states

Subtitle: New malaria cases per 100,000 people, by state (2020)

Key takeaway: In 2020, malaria incidence was highest in Chhattisgarh and Mizoram, with Jharkhand next; the burden is concentrated in a small set of states. Also, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat contribute to nearly half of all malaria cases.

Source: Global Burden of Disease (GBD); Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Nearly one in four deaths among young men in India are due to road accidents

Sub-title: Share of deaths attributed to road accidents, over time

Explanation: Road accidents account for a much larger share of deaths among males aged 15–29 than for any other group shown. The share rises from about 16% in 2005 to a peak of roughly 29% around 2015–16, then falls to about 23% by 2022. For females aged 15–29, the share peaks around 9% in the mid-2010s and declines to about 6% by 2022. For all ages combined, road accidents make up a far smaller share of deaths: roughly 4% for all males and about 1% for all females in 2022.

Source: Cause of Death Survey, Sample Registration System (SRS), various rounds

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: India’s richer and poorer states have grown further apart in per capita incomes

Sub-title: Relative per capita income of states, over time

Explanation: Line chart of relative per-capita income (India = 100 each year). Karnataka rises from ₹93 in 1981 to ₹174 by 2021, accelerating after the early 2010s. West Bengal falls from ₹109 in 1981 to ₹83 by 2021. The gap widens sharply after the 2010s.

Source: Statistics on subnational accounts, MoSPI (accessed via the DBIE portal, RBI)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: How much money do the richest Indians spend?

Sub-title: Average monthly per capita spending within the top 20% (2023)

Explanation: In both rural and urban India, spending rises sharply as you move from the top 20% to the top 5% and then the top 1%. The urban top 1% spends about ₹33,604 per person per month, nearly double the rural top 1% at ₹17,253. In rural India, the top 20% spends ₹6,963 and the top 5% spends ₹10,501. In urban India, the top 20% spends ₹13,097 and the top 5% spends ₹20,823.

Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (2022–23), NSO

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: 2024 was the hottest year on record in India

Sub-title: Annual mean surface air temperature, 1901–2024

Explanation: A line chart shows annual mean surface air temperature for India from 1901 to 2024, with strong year-to-year fluctuations and a clear upward trend, especially after 2000. The series rises by about 0.9°C over the full period and peaks in 2024 at roughly 25.7°C, the highest value shown. A note indicates the y-axis starts at 23.5°C to highlight annual variation.

Source: India Meteorological Department (IMD)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Fewer than one in four jobs in India are salaried

Sub-title: Share of salaried workers by country (2022)

Explanation: Only 23% of India's jobs are salaried; far below advanced economies like the United States (94%) and Japan (89%), and also trailing emerging economies such as Brazil (68%), Sri Lanka (58%), China (54%), Indonesia (47%), and Bangladesh (46%). Only Nigeria (15%) ranks lower among the countries shown.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Richest Indian households consume over twice as much electricity as poorest

Sub-title: Average monthly household electricity consumption, by wealth (2023)

Explanation: Electricity use rising steadily with wealth quintiles: poorest 60 kWh, poorer 72 kWh, middle 85 kWh, richer 103 kWh, richest 137 kWh.

Source: Household Consumer Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2022–23, National Statistical Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Female and male unemployment rate India, by level of education (2024)

Explanation: Unemployment in India is low among people with little or no schooling, but rises sharply with education. While less than 1% of Indians educated only up to the primary level are unemployed, more than 13% of those with a graduate degree or higher are jobless. Female unemployment is significantly higher at this level.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2023–2024, National Statistical Office

Sub-title: Top five most widely invoked sections across criminal laws (2010–2020)

Explanation: Cheque-bouncing (Section 138, Negotiable Instruments Act) is highest at 2.79 million, followed by rash-driving (Section 279, IPC) at 1.91 million. Minor traffic offences (Section 177, Motor Vehicles Act) at 1.57 million, voluntarily causing hurt (Section 323, IPC) at 1.44 million, driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol (Section 185, Motor Vehicles Act) at 1.15 million.

India has far fewer cars per 1,000 people (31) than countries like Germany (577) and China (181), but many more two-wheelers (172). Sri Lanka also has very high two-wheeler ownership (265) with low car ownership (40). Brazil and South Africa skew toward cars over two-wheelers. Source: World Road Statistics, International Road Federation

Title: Life expectancy grows once a person survives early childhood in India

Sub-title: Life expectancy in India by age, over time

Explanation: Life expectancy at birth in India rose sharply from about 41 years in 1950 to about 72 years by 2024, largely reflecting big gains in survival in infancy and early childhood. Once someone makes it past childhood, expected lifespan is much higher and has improved more gradually: in 2024, a 15-year-old can expect to live to about 75, and a 65-year-old to about 81.

Source: World Population Prospects, 2024 Revision (UN Population Division)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Nearly half of all self-employed women in India work as unpaid helpers

Sub-title: Type of self-employment, by gender (2024)

Explanation: Among self-employed men, 73% are own-account workers, 9% are employers, and 18% are unpaid helpers. In contrast, only 50% of self-employed women are own-account workers, around 1% are employers, and 49% work as unpaid helpers. The data highlights a sharp gender gap in the nature of self-employment, with women far more likely than men to be engaged as unpaid helpers in household enterprises.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023–24, National Statistics Office

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: The gender gap in enrolment at the elementary level in India has now been closed

Sub-title: Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in elementary education by gender, over time

Explanation: Enrolment in India has increased over time, especially in elementary education. Primary enrolment now exceeds 100%, and Upper primary enrolment reached about 95% by 2021. Female enrolment rose dramatically and now matches or slightly exceeds male enrolment at primary and upper primary levels.

Source: Unified District Information System for Education, Ministry of Education

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Births in India are now most likely to be to women in their late twenties

Sub-title: Share of annual births in India by age of mother, over time

Explanation: Since the 1950s, the largest share of births in India was to women aged 20–24. Over time, this has shifted: the share to women aged 25–29 has become the largest, and projections suggest births to women in their late twenties and early thirties will account for a greater share in the future.

Source: World Population Prospects, 2024 Revision, United Nations Population Division (data after 2024 are projections)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: The richest Indians are twice as likely to consume dairy products daily as the poorest

Sub-title: Frequency of dairy consumption among adults, by wealth group (2021)

Explanation: Half of adult Indians consume dairy products daily, while three out of four have them at least once a week. Dairy consumption rises sharply with income, with fewer than one in three of the poorest Indians consume dairy daily, compared to two in three of the richest Indians.

Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS

Attribution: Data For India | CCBY

Title: One in four Indians is below the poverty line for lower-middle-income countries

Sub-title: Share of population living in poverty in India over time, by poverty line

Explanation: 24% of India's population was poor in 2022 using the LMIC poverty line of $4.20 per day. Poverty has declined significantly from 1977 to 2022 across all three World Bank poverty lines, with the most dramatic reduction occurring after 2005.

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Half of all houses in rural India are partially durable or non-durable

Sub-title: Share of households, by durability of their house (2021)

Explanation: Only 49% of rural households live in fully durable houses compared to 86% in urban areas. 45% of rural households live in partially durable houses and 6% in non-durable houses.

Source: National Family Health Survey (2019–21), IIPS

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Only one in four Indians can send and receive an email

Sub-title: Share of population that can send and receive email, by state (2023)

Explanation: A choropleth map of India shows that only about one in four Indians can send and receive an email. Richer, more educated states such as Gujarat, Kerala and Maharashtra have around one in three adults with this skill, while poorer states such as Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have fewer than one in five.

Source: Comprehensive Annual Modular Survey (CAMS), Round 79, NSO, 2022–23

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Most factories in India employ fewer than fifty workers

Sub-title: Share of factories in India, by employment size (2023)

Explanation: A treemap shows that small factories dominate India’s organised manufacturing. Forty‑two percent of factories employ fewer than 20 workers and another 23% employ 20–49 workers, so nearly two‑thirds of factories have fewer than 50 workers. Mid-sized factories with 50–99 employees make up 13% of all factories, while 19% employ 100–999 workers and only 3% employ 1,000 or more workers.

Source: Annual Survey of Industries, 2001 and 2023, MoSPI, GoI

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Many Indian states have lower fertility rates than developed countries

Sub-title: Total Fertility Rate of Indian states and developed countries (2023)

Explanation: Horizontal bar chart comparing 7 Indian states and 7 developed countries by total fertility rate (children per woman). West Bengal and Tamil Nadu have the lowest TFR at 1.30, below Japan’s 1.21, while Maharashtra (1.40) and Telangana, Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh (all 1.50) are compared with Finland (1.28), Norway (1.41), Portugal and Denmark (1.51), Iceland (1.54), and the United Kingdom (1.56). The main takeaway is that several Indian states now have fertility levels similar to or lower than those in many developed countries.

Source: Sample Registration System Annual Statistical Report 2023 (RGI) and World Population Prospects 2024 Revision (UN Population Division)

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Title: Women manufacturing workers are concentrated in a few sectors in India

Sub-title: Share of women in the workforce, by manufacturing sector (2024)

Explanation: Horizontal stacked bar chart showing that women make up 93% of workers in tobacco products, 65% in apparel, and 48% in textiles, but only 23% in food products, 14% in computer, electronic and optical products, and 12% in electrical equipment. This highlights that women in manufacturing are heavily clustered in a few feminised sectors, while men dominate most other manufacturing activities.

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023–24, NSO

Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

Legal

Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions

Contact

Follow

Bluesky Instagram Threads

Flashes for Bluesky Get it on the App Store