@ethanc8.bsky.social

@ethanc8.bsky.social

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Item \ Scenario High Costs (2010s MTA) in Millions USD Medium Costs (MTA with reforms) in Millions USD Low Costs (world average) in Millions USD Tunnel (1 km) 530 530 160 Tunnel, underwater (1 km) 1050 1050 310 Elevated or trench (1 km) 260 260 70 Station (cut-and-cover) 1550 510 150 Station (mined) 1550 770 230 Station (elevated or trench) 490 240 70
Map of the current situation
SPRING 2024 Map of the inner northwest suburbs' Pace service
https://web.archive.org/web/19970412203127if_/http://www.next.com/Pubs/Documents/OPENSTEP/DeveloperTutorial/ Why an Object is Like a Jelly Donut This book depicts objects as filled and segmented “donuts.” Why this unlikely shape? This symbol illustrates data encapsulation, the essential characteristic of objects. An object consists of both data and procedures for manipulating that data. Other objects or external code cannot access that data directly, but must send messages to the object requesting its data. An object’s procedures (called methods) respond to the message procedure r p ocedure procedu er data and may return data to the requesting object. As the symbol suggests, an object’s methods do the encapsulating, in effect mediating access to the object’s data. An object’s methods are also its interface, articulating the ways in which the object communicates with the world outside it. The donut symbol also helps to convey the modularity of objects. Because an object encapsulates a defined set of data and logic, you can easily assign it to particular duties within a program. Conceptually, it is like a functional unit—for instance, “Customer Record”—that you can move around on a design board; you can then plot communication paths to and from other objects based on their interfaces. See the appendix “Object Oriented Programming,” for a fuller description of data encapsulation, messages, methods, and other properties of objects.
The Double Track project was structured as ten separate contracts (three demolition, seven construction), not a single award. Beyond the main Walsh/Herzog contract, other awarded contracts included: WSP USA: Construction manager, $17.1 million Larson-Danielson Construction: New Michigan City 11th Street station (including parking garage and commercial space), $16.7 million Hasse Construction: New Gary Miller station and parking lot, $4.1 million Rieth-Riley Construction: Dune Park station parking expansion C3M/Clark Construction JV: Overhead catenary system (OCS) demolition, reconfiguration, and installation AECOM: Final engineering and design, ~$13.4 million HDR: Program management, ~$5.2 million So the $304.8M main contract was the core, but the total project involved numerous separate packages that together brought the cost up.