Moritz Marbach @moritz-marbach.com · Apr 15 Effects are broad-based for Ukrainians—men & women, all skill levels, unemployment durations, regions and labor market conditions. The vast majority of exits were into regular, unsubsidized employment rather than temporary /mini-jobs. Importantly, the employment gains were not short-lived.
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For other refugee groups, gains concentrated among younger men. Effects for women were smaller and often not statistically significant—likely reflecting structural barriers such as childcare, slower language acquisition, and limited transferability of credentials in regulated professions.