Sam Burgess

@oceanterra.org

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Climate | ocean | science policy & diplomacy | Copernicus Climate Change Service, @ECMWF | Partner to @edhawkins.org | ex 🐼 | Views own | 🌍 🌡🌊 🛰 🪸| Born on Wurundjeri Country | 🇦🇺🇬🇧🇪🇺 | www.pulse.climate.copernicus.eu

he cities (EU + Switzerland + UK + Norway urban regions with a population of over 50,000) where WBGT records were broken (or forecast to be broken) during this heatwave. A record was broken in approximately 45% of urban regions.
Anomalies and extremes in the number of ‘wet days’ (days with at least 1 mm of precipitation) from 1 January to 20 February 2026. The extreme categories (‘highest' and ‘lowest') are based on rankings for 1979–2026. The other categories describe how the number of ‘wet days’ compares to the distribution during the 1991–2020 reference period. ‘Much higher/lower than average’ - higher/lower than 90% of the number ‘wet days’. ‘Higher/lower than average’ - than 66% of values. ‘Near average’ - within the middle 33%. Data source: ERA5. Credit: Copernicus Climate Change Service/ECMWF.
Annual global surface air temperature anomalies (°C) relative to the 1850–1900 pre-industrial reference from 1967 to 2025. The value for 2025 is based on data for January to November. Data source: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF.
Daily sea surface temperature anomaly (°C) on 30 June 2025 relative to the average for the 1991–2020 reference period highlighting a marine heatwave in the western Mediterranean Sea. The dashed box shows the domain used to compute the time series shown in the figure below. Data source: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF.
Anomalies and extremes in the average surface air temperature between 17 June and 2 July 2025. The extreme categories (‘coolest’ and ‘warmest’) are based on rankings of average temperatures for the same 16 days during 1979–2024. The other categories describe how the temperatures compare to the distribution of these temperatures during the 1991–2020 reference period. ‘Much cooler/warmer than average’ - cooler/warmer than 90% of temperatures. ‘Cooler/warmer than average’ - than 66% of temperatures. ‘Near average’ - within the middle 33%. Credit: C3S/ECMWF
Close up of wisteria blossom
Daily Arctic sea ice extent from October 1978 to 1 April 2025. The year 2025 is shown with a dark blue line, 2024 with a teal line, and 2012 (year of the lowest daily sea ice extent) with a salmon line. Data source: EUMETSAT OSI SAF Sea Ice Index v2.2. Credit: C3S/ECMWF/EUMETSAT.
Anomalies in surface air temperature and precipitation for March 2025 with respect to March averages for the period 1991-2020. The precipitation anomalies correspond to the total precipitation for the month expressed as a percentage of the average for 1991-2020. Data source: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF.
Close up photo of white cherry blossom
Climate stripe of annual global glacier mass changes (gigatonnes) from 1976 to 2023. Data source: WGMS. Credit: C3S/ECMWF/WGMS.